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時(shí)間:2016-08-11
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由于學(xué)生在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)中(無論是自然科學(xué)還是社會(huì)科學(xué))都是遇到大量的數(shù)據(jù)信息,為了提前讓同學(xué)們做好此類準(zhǔn)備,新SAT中加入了Analyzing Quantitative Information這一新的題型。通過讓學(xué)生接觸更多科學(xué)類的文章,讓學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)從數(shù)據(jù)中獲取信息對(duì)問題進(jìn)行理解的能力。本文就來給大家介紹一下圖表信息題的解題方法。
在文法部分的圖表題,OG (P138)給出的要求是這樣的:
On the Writing and Language Test you will have to integrate text and graphics in a more direct way than the Reading Test.
圖表呈現(xiàn)的類型有線圖,柱圖,餅圖,表格等,我們拿到圖表,首先需要閱讀的以下信息:
標(biāo)題:
When:數(shù)據(jù)是何時(shí)搜集的?時(shí)間跨度是什么?
How:數(shù)據(jù)是如何測(cè)量的?
Who/What:數(shù)據(jù)的描述對(duì)象是?
縱坐標(biāo)與橫坐標(biāo):
可能代表時(shí)間,數(shù)量,地點(diǎn),價(jià)格,人數(shù)等信息
tips: 這里需要注意的是有時(shí)選項(xiàng)會(huì)偷換number和proportion的概念;
單位:
數(shù)量單位等(hundreds, thousands or millions)
溫度單位等 (Fahrenheit or Celsius)
下面我們結(jié)合OG(P354)中的一道題目來看看圖表要求的信息匹配要注意哪些問題:
The size of the ice sheet fluctuates seasonally: in summer, average daily high temperatures in Greenland can rise to slightly above 50 degrees Fahrenheit, partially melting the ice; in the winter, the sheet thickens as additional snow falls, and average daily low temperatures can drop to as low as 20 degrees.
Which choice most accurately and effectively represents the information in the graph?
A. NO CHANGE (to as low as 20 degrees.)
B. to 12 degrees Fahrenheit.
C. to their lowest point on December 13.
D. to 10 degrees Fahrenheit and stay there for months.
正確選項(xiàng):B
通過閱讀劃線部分所在的這一句,我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)給出的時(shí)間是in the winter, 給出的描述對(duì)象是 average daily low temperatures,那我們就立刻定位到與冬季和average daily low(實(shí)線)這個(gè)時(shí)間段匹配的數(shù)據(jù)。(如果同學(xué)們不清楚格陵蘭的冬季是幾月,可根據(jù)上句進(jìn)行反推,in summer, average daily high temperatures in Greenland can rise to slightly above 50 degrees Fahrenheit, partially melting the ice,可知7月為夏季,那么12月1月2月則為冬季。)通過信息匹配,可知數(shù)據(jù)為12,而不是20或10,也不像C選項(xiàng)中提到的在12月13日達(dá)到最低點(diǎn)。
在文法部分的考試中,主要涉及的匹配要素有以下幾點(diǎn):描述對(duì)象,時(shí)間地點(diǎn),總體趨勢(shì),總體幅度,具體數(shù)據(jù),數(shù)據(jù)特點(diǎn)等。
在2016年3月北美的考試中,也出現(xiàn)了考察信息匹配的圖表題:
In the case of Sherman Country, property tax revenue increased slightly after two wind farms were built.
Which choice offers an accurate interpretation of the data in the chart?
A)NO CHANGE
B)increased sharply after two wind farms were built.
C)decreased after one wind farm was built, but increased sharply after a second one was built.
D)increased sharply after one wind farm was built, but leveled off after a second one was built.
正確選項(xiàng):B
通過閱讀題目,我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)主要需要描述的趨勢(shì)是兩個(gè)風(fēng)力農(nóng)場(chǎng)建造后不動(dòng)產(chǎn)稅收入的趨勢(shì)。通過定位兩個(gè)實(shí)心黑點(diǎn)(農(nóng)場(chǎng)建造的時(shí)間),我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)稅收收入都呈現(xiàn)上升趨勢(shì),所以答案為B。在這里我將補(bǔ)充各位同學(xué)在做題中需要的相關(guān)的表達(dá):
數(shù)據(jù)趨勢(shì):
上升Increase, rise, grow, climb, ascend, go up, mount, boost, shoot up
下降Decrease, fall, drop, decline, descend, reduce, lessen, diminish, curtail, shrink
高位平穩(wěn)Reach a plateau
低位平穩(wěn)Level off/out
保持平穩(wěn):Remain steady/stable/constant at
Stay the same
Keep steady/stable/constant/the same
Remain plane
Stay unvarying
Keep balanced
特殊值:
最高值
Reach a vertex, reach a culmination, reach a summit, reach a zenith
Reach a peak, reach an apex, reach an acme
最低值
Hit a historic low, reach the bottom at, reach the lowest point of
表示程度的副詞
1. 非常、及其
Tremendously, sharply, significantly, substantially, considerably, rapidly, immensely, noticeably, dramatically
2. 稍微、小幅度地Slightly, gently, minimally, slowly, subtly
3. 中等程度地Moderately, in moderation, medium
4. 比較地Comparatively, relatively
5. 逐漸地Progressively, continuously, gradually, regularly, smoothly
6. 大約地About, around, roughly, nearly, more or less, approximately
7. 分別地Respectively
8. 相應(yīng)地Correspondingly, proportionately
9. 均勻地Evenly
新SAT是以美國(guó)CCSS (Common Core State Standards,美國(guó)共同核心州立標(biāo)準(zhǔn),即美國(guó)課改) 框架為參考的一個(gè)新的學(xué)生水平能力測(cè)試。相比于過去的判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),CCSS在9-12年級(jí)(美國(guó)高中階段)對(duì)于學(xué)生在信息獲取性文章上的要求有了較大的提升。其中重要的一條為理解不同形式的信息的能力:
Integrate and evaluate multiple sources of information presented in different media or formats (e.g. visually, quantitatively) as well as in words in order to address a question or solve a problem.
以上就是“新SAT文法真題:圖表之信息匹配題”的全部?jī)?nèi)容,相信同學(xué)們一定會(huì)不斷提高從數(shù)據(jù)中獲取信息并且對(duì)問題進(jìn)行理解的能力。
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